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1 physical scientists
эк. тр., амер. ученые в физических науках*, ученые-физики* (по SOC: входят в раздел "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках"; включают следующие подразделы: "астрономы и физики", "ученые в области атмосферы и космоса", "химики и специалисты по материалам", "специалисты в области наук о земле и окружающей среде")See: -
2 physical
1. прил.1) общ. физический, материальный; натуральныйphysical measurement — натуральное измерение, измерение в натуральных единицах
Syn:See:physical asset, physical budget, physical capital, physical control, physical deterioration, physical distribution, physical goods, physical infrastructure, physical inventory, physical inventory count, physical life, physical location, physical market, physical product 1),2, Physical Quality of Life Index, physical stock check, physical stocktaking, physical verification, physical waste water treatment, physical balance, physical count, physical measurement, physical measures method, physical product 3), physical value2) общ. телесный, физическийSee:, physical disability, physical education, physical examination, physical incompetency, physical therapists3) мет. физический ( относящийся к физике или к естествознанию)See:2. сущ.фин., бирж., преим. мн. = actual 2.,The counterparty, who wants to sell the physical, sells the physical to me and buys the futures contract from me simultaneously. — Сторона, которая хочет продать физический товар, продает этот товар мне и одновременно покупает у меня фьючерсный контракт.
* * *медицинский осмотр (при приеме на работу, вступлении в пенсионный фонд и т. п.). . Словарь экономических терминов . -
3 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
эк. тр., амер. профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках* ( раздел в Системе стандартной классификации профессий)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
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4 miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
эк. тр., амер. разные специалисты в общественных науках и родственные специальности* (по SOC включает в себя следующие группы профессий: "антропологи и археологи", "географы", "историки", "политологи"; входят в подраздел "научные сотрудники в общественных науках и родственные специальности" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
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5 biological scientists
эк. тр., амер. биологи (по SOC включает в себя следующие группы профессий: "биохимики и биофизики", "микробиологи" и "зоологи и специалисты по живой природе"; входит в подраздел "научные сотрудники в биологических науках" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See: -
6 chemists and materials scientists
эк. тр., амер. химики и специалисты по материалам* (по SOC включают в себя следующие группы профессий: "химики", "специалисты по материалам"; входят в подраздел "научные сотрудники в физических науках" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > chemists and materials scientists
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7 agricultural and food scientists
эк. тр., амер. научные сотрудники в сельском хозяйстве и пищевой отрасли* (по SOC включает в себя следующие группы профессий: "специалисты по животным", "ученые и технологи в пищевой отрасли" и "специалисты по почвам и растениям"; входит в подраздел "научные сотрудники в биологических науках" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > agricultural and food scientists
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8 conservation scientists and foresters
эк. тр., амер. специалисты по охране окружающей среды и лесоводы* (по SOC включают в себя следующие группы профессий: "специалисты по охране окружающей среды" и "лесоводы"; входят в подраздел "научные сотрудники в биологических науках" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > conservation scientists and foresters
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9 conservation scientists
эк. тр., амер. специалисты по охране окружающей среды* (по SOC: занимаются усовершенствованием, защитой и управлением в области естественных ресурсов с целью их максимального использования без ущерба окружающей среде; могут изучать почвы и разрабатывать планы по устранению эрозии почв или защите природных пастбищ от огня или грызунов и т. д.; входят в подраздел "специалисты по охране окружающей среды" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > conservation scientists
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10 Soil and Plant Scientists
эк. тр., амер. специалисты по почвам и растениям* (по SOC: проводят исследования по размножению, физиологии, производству, урожаю и управлению в области сельскохозяйственных культур; изучают их внутрипочвенный рост и контроль за вредителями; могут изучать химическое, физическое, биологическое и минералогическое строение почв и его соотношение с растениями и их ростом; входят в подраздел "Некораблестроительные архитекторы" в разделе "Профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Soil and Plant Scientists
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11 atmospheric and space scientists
эк. тр., амер. ученые в области атмосферы и космоса* (по SOC: изучают атмосферные явления и интерпретируют метеорологические данные, собираемые наземными и космическими станциями, спутниками и радарами; входит в раздел "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > atmospheric and space scientists
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12 environmental scientists and specialists, including health
эк. тр., амер. ученые и специалисты по изучению окружающей среды в аспекте проблем здравоохранения* (по SOC: ведут исследования с целью идентификации, ослабления или устранения источников загрязнения, которые неблагоприятно влияют на окружающую среду и здоровье населения; входят в подраздел "специалисты в области наук о земле и окружающей среде" в разделе "профессии в биологических, физических и общественных науках")See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > environmental scientists and specialists, including health
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13 полностью согласовываться с
Полностью согласовываться сThe qualitative variation of the dependence of hw on fluidizing velocity as shown in these figures is in complete accord with the reported trends observed by earlier investigators.This relation is entirely consistent with the existing conceptions of the macroprocess of wood pyrolysis.This feature of D.'s studies of friction was totally in keeping with the contributions of other physical scientists of the day.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > полностью согласовываться с
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14 эпоха
Эпоха - epoch, age, era; dayThis feature of D.'s studies of friction was totally in keeping with the contributions of other physical scientists of the day.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > эпоха
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15 Mathematics
The world of mathematics, which you contemn, is really a beautiful world; it has nothing to do with life and death and human sordidness, but is eternal, cold and passionless. To me pure mathematics is one of the highest forms of art; it has a sublimity quite special to itself, and an immense dignity derived from the fact that its world is exempt from change and time. I am quite serious in this....athematics is the only thing we know of that is capable of perfection; in thinking about it we become Gods. (Russell [to Helen Thomas, 30 December 1901], 1992, Letter No. 98, p. 224)One of the deepest problems of nature is the success of mathematics as a language for describing and discovering features of physical reality. In short, why does mathematics work?...We humans have stripped back the clouds that cloak our understanding of our cosmic beginning and our current persistence to the stage that exposes the mathematical structure of the world more clearly than it has ever been observed before.... Furthermore, the attention of seriously equipped thinkers, those thinkers we call scientists, is at last beginning to turn to that other great conundrum of being: consciousness.... If we can understand why that supreme construct of the human intellect, that archdisembodiment of intellect, mathematics, works as a description of the world, then maybe we shall have an insight into cognition....The name deep structuralism is intended to convey the idea that the physical world has the same logical structure as mathematics. By implication, the reason why mathematics works as a description of physical reality is that they share the same logical structure.... By weak deep structuralism I shall mean that mathematics and physical reality merely share the same logical structure and mathematics is a mirror that can be held up to nature. By strong deep structuralism I shall mean that mathematics and physical reality do not merely share the same logical structure but are actually the same. In other words, according to the hypothesis of strong deep structuralism, physical reality is mathematics and mathematics is physical reality.... The reason why we may be conscious of the world, including the inner, introspective world of emotion and intellect, may be that our brains are material portrayals of the same deep structure. That may also be the reason why brains can generate the mathematics that we need to comprehend the world. (Atkins, 1992, pp. 99-101, 109-111)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mathematics
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16 andador
adj.prone of walking.m.1 good walker, fast walker, quick walker.2 baby walker.3 Zimmer frame, walker.* * *► adjetivo1 (aficionado) fond of walking; (rápido) fast-walking► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (para niños) baby-walker; (para viejos) walking frame————————1 (para niños) baby-walker; (para viejos) walking frame* * *noun m.1) walker2) baby walker, reins* * *andador, -a1. ADJ1) (=que anda rápido) fast-walking2) (=viajero) fond of travelling, fond of gadding about3) Cono Sur [caballo] well-paced, long-striding2.SM / F walker3. SM1) [para niños] baby walker; [para enfermos] Zimmer ® frame2) pl andadores [de niño] reins4.SF Méx prostitute, streetwalker, hustler (EEUU) ** * *1)a) ( con ruedas) baby walker2) ( para ancianos) Zimmer® frame* * *= walker, baby walker, walking frame, Zimmer frame.Ex. With the growing awareness of physical barriers to access, one hopes for a commitment to eliminate unnecessary steps and areas too cramped for walkers and wheelchairs.Ex. Some physiotherapists argue that baby walkers delay independent walking, and encourage abnormal gait and posture, and urge toy libraries to exclude them from their provision.Ex. Concerns over the safety of traditional walking frames have led scientists to design a robotic version.Ex. Zimmer frames are much more stable than traditional walking sticks, but they are bulky to pack in the car.* * *1)a) ( con ruedas) baby walker2) ( para ancianos) Zimmer® frame* * *= walker, baby walker, walking frame, Zimmer frame.Ex: With the growing awareness of physical barriers to access, one hopes for a commitment to eliminate unnecessary steps and areas too cramped for walkers and wheelchairs.
Ex: Some physiotherapists argue that baby walkers delay independent walking, and encourage abnormal gait and posture, and urge toy libraries to exclude them from their provision.Ex: Concerns over the safety of traditional walking frames have led scientists to design a robotic version.Ex: Zimmer frames are much more stable than traditional walking sticks, but they are bulky to pack in the car.* * *A1 (con ruedas) baby walkerB (para ancianos) Zimmer® frame, walking frame ( BrE)* * *
andador sustantivo masculino
1
b)
2 ( para ancianos) Zimmer® frame
' andador' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
andadera
English:
walking frame
* * *andador, -ora♦ adjfond of walking;es muy andador he likes walking♦ nm1. [tacataca] baby-walker2. [para adultos] walking frame, Br Zimmer® (frame), US (adult) walker* * *I adj:una persona andadora ( que anda mucho) a person who walks a lot; ( que le gusta andar) a person who is fond of walking* * *andador nm1) : walker, baby walker: walker, one who walks -
17 engaño
m.1 deceit, deception, trickery, cheating.2 lie, hoax, trick, take-in.3 fraudulence, deceitfulness.4 delusion, false impression.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: engañar.* * *1 deceit, deception2 (estafa) fraud, trick, swindle3 (mentira) lie4 (error) mistake\estar en un engaño to be mistaken* * *noun m.1) deception2) trick* * *SM1) (=acto) [gen] deception; (=ilusión) delusionaquí no hay engaño — there is no attempt to deceive anybody here, it's all on the level *
2) (=trampa) trick, swindle3) (=malentendido) mistake, misunderstandingpadecer engaño — to labour under a misunderstanding, labor under a misunderstanding (EEUU)
4) pl engaños (=astucia) wiles, tricks5) [de pesca] lure6) Cono Sur (=regalo) small gift, token* * *1)a) ( mentira) deceptionllamarse a engaño — to claim one has been cheated o deceived
b) (timo, estafa) swindle, con (colloq)c) ( ardid) ploy, trick2) (Taur) cape* * *= fraud, snare, sham, hoax, deceit, subterfuge, confidence trick, deception, swindle, rip-off, swindling, cheating, hocus pocus, caper, dissimulation, fiddle, trickery, bluff, con trick, con, con job.Ex. At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with many types of business and consumer frauds, national liberation movements, bedtime, Kwanza, the Afro-American holiday.Ex. Whilst telematics for Africa is full of snares, it is the way towards the road to mastery in the future.Ex. The NCC argue that the three other rights established over the last three centuries -- civil, political and social -- are 'liable to be hollow shams' without the consequent right to information.Ex. This article examines several controversial cataloguing problems, including the classification of anti-Semitic works and books proven to be forgeries or hoaxes.Ex. The article has the title 'Policing fraud and deceit: the legal aspects of misconduct in scientific enquiry'.Ex. Citing authors' names in references can cause great difficulties, as ghosts, subterfuges, and collaborative teamwork may often obscure the true begetters of published works.Ex. Unless universal education is nothing more than a confidence trick, there must be more people today who can benefit by real library service than ever there were in the past.Ex. Furthermore, deception is common when subjects use e-mail and chat rooms.Ex. The article 'Online scams, swindles, frauds and rip-offs' lists some of the most better known Internet frauds of recent times.Ex. The article 'Online scams, swindles, frauds and rip-offs' lists some of the most better known Internet frauds of recent times.Ex. The swindling & deception the immigrants encountered often preyed on their Zionist ideology & indeed, some of the crooks were Jewish themselves.Ex. The author discerns 3 levels of cheating and deceit and examines why scientists stoop to bias and fraud, particularly in trials for new treatments.Ex. The final section of her paper calls attention to the ' hocus pocus' research conducted on many campuses.Ex. Who was the mastermind of the Watergate caper & for what purpose has never been revealed.Ex. In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.Ex. This paper reports a study based on an eight-week period of participant observation of a particular form of resistance, fiddles.Ex. It is sometimes thought that a woman's trickery compensates for her physical weakness.Ex. The most dramatic way to spot a bluff is to look your opponent in the eye and attempt to sense his fear.Ex. The social contract has been the con trick by which the bosses have squeezed more and more out of the workers for themselves.Ex. He has long argued that populist conservatism is nothing more than a con.Ex. The global warming hoax had all the classic marks of a con job from the very beginning.----* autoengaño = self-deception.* conducir a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.* conseguir mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.* entrar mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.* llevar a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.* someter a engaño = perpetrate + deception.* * *1)a) ( mentira) deceptionllamarse a engaño — to claim one has been cheated o deceived
b) (timo, estafa) swindle, con (colloq)c) ( ardid) ploy, trick2) (Taur) cape* * *= fraud, snare, sham, hoax, deceit, subterfuge, confidence trick, deception, swindle, rip-off, swindling, cheating, hocus pocus, caper, dissimulation, fiddle, trickery, bluff, con trick, con, con job.Ex: At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with many types of business and consumer frauds, national liberation movements, bedtime, Kwanza, the Afro-American holiday.
Ex: Whilst telematics for Africa is full of snares, it is the way towards the road to mastery in the future.Ex: The NCC argue that the three other rights established over the last three centuries -- civil, political and social -- are 'liable to be hollow shams' without the consequent right to information.Ex: This article examines several controversial cataloguing problems, including the classification of anti-Semitic works and books proven to be forgeries or hoaxes.Ex: The article has the title 'Policing fraud and deceit: the legal aspects of misconduct in scientific enquiry'.Ex: Citing authors' names in references can cause great difficulties, as ghosts, subterfuges, and collaborative teamwork may often obscure the true begetters of published works.Ex: Unless universal education is nothing more than a confidence trick, there must be more people today who can benefit by real library service than ever there were in the past.Ex: Furthermore, deception is common when subjects use e-mail and chat rooms.Ex: The article 'Online scams, swindles, frauds and rip-offs' lists some of the most better known Internet frauds of recent times.Ex: The article 'Online scams, swindles, frauds and rip-offs' lists some of the most better known Internet frauds of recent times.Ex: The swindling & deception the immigrants encountered often preyed on their Zionist ideology & indeed, some of the crooks were Jewish themselves.Ex: The author discerns 3 levels of cheating and deceit and examines why scientists stoop to bias and fraud, particularly in trials for new treatments.Ex: The final section of her paper calls attention to the ' hocus pocus' research conducted on many campuses.Ex: Who was the mastermind of the Watergate caper & for what purpose has never been revealed.Ex: In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.Ex: This paper reports a study based on an eight-week period of participant observation of a particular form of resistance, fiddles.Ex: It is sometimes thought that a woman's trickery compensates for her physical weakness.Ex: The most dramatic way to spot a bluff is to look your opponent in the eye and attempt to sense his fear.Ex: The social contract has been the con trick by which the bosses have squeezed more and more out of the workers for themselves.Ex: He has long argued that populist conservatism is nothing more than a con.Ex: The global warming hoax had all the classic marks of a con job from the very beginning.* autoengaño = self-deception.* conducir a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.* conseguir mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.* entrar mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.* llevar a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.* someter a engaño = perpetrate + deception.* * *A1 (mentira) deceptionlo que más me duele es el engaño it was the deceit o deception that upset me mostfue víctima de un cruel engaño she was the victim of a cruel deception o swindle, she was cruelly deceived o taken invivió en el engaño durante años for years she lived in complete ignorance of his deceites un engaño, no es de oro it's a con, this isn't (made of) gold ( colloq)2 (ardid) ploy, trickse vale de todo tipo de engaños para salirse con la suya he uses all kinds of tricks o every trick in the book to get his own wayllamarse a engaño to claim one has been cheated o deceivedpara que luego nadie pueda llamarse a engaño so that no one can claim o say that they were deceived/cheatedB ( Taur) cape ( used by the matador to confuse the bull)C ( Dep) fakehacer un engaño to fake* * *
Del verbo engañar: ( conjugate engañar)
engaño es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
engañó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
engañar
engaño
engañó
engañar ( conjugate engañar) verbo transitivo
tú a mí no me engañas you can't fool me;
lo engañó haciéndole creer que … she deceived him into thinking that …;
engaño a algn para que haga algo to trick sb into doing sth
engañarse verbo pronominal ( refl) ( mentirse) to deceive oneself, kid oneself (colloq)
engaño sustantivo masculino
engañar
I verbo transitivo
1 to deceive, mislead
2 (mentir) to lie: no me engañes, ese no es tu coche, you can't fool me, this isn't your car
3 (la sed, el hambre, el sueño) comeremos un poco para engañar el hambre, we'll eat a bit to keep the wolf from the door
4 (timar) to cheat, trick
5 (ser infiel) to be unfaithful to
II verbo intransitivo to be deceptive: parece pequeña, pero engaña, it looks small, but it's deceptive
engaño sustantivo masculino
1 (mentira, trampa) deception, swindle
(estafa) fraud
(infidelidad) unfaithfulness
2 (ilusión, equivocación) delusion: deberías sacarle del engaño, you should tell him the truth
♦ Locuciones: llamarse a engaño, to claim that one has been duped
' engaño' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
engañarse
- farsa
- maña
- montaje
- tramar
- trampear
- coba
- descubrir
- desengañar
- engañar
- tapadera
- tranza
English:
deceit
- deception
- delusion
- double-cross
- game
- guile
- impersonation
- put over
- ride
- sham
- unfaithful
- hoax
* * *engaño nm1. [mentira] deception, deceit;se ganó su confianza con algún engaño she gained his trust through a deception;lo obtuvo mediante engaño she obtained it by deception;todo fue un engaño it was all a deception;llamarse a engaño [engañarse] to delude oneself;[lamentarse] to claim to have been misled;que nadie se llame a engaño, la economía no va bien let no one have any illusions about it, the economy isn't doing well;no nos llamemos a engaño, el programa se puede mejorar let's not delude ourselves, the program could be improved;para que luego no te llames a engaño so you can't claim to have been misled afterwards2. [estafa] swindle;ha sido víctima de un engaño en la compra del terreno he was swindled over the sale of the land3. [ardid] ploy, trick;de nada van a servirte tus engaños your ploys will get you nowhere;las rebajas son un engaño para que la gente compre lo que no necesita sales are a ploy to make people buy things they don't need4. Taurom bullfighter's cape5. [para pescar] lure* * *m1 ( mentira) deception, deceit2 ( ardid) trick;llamarse a engaño claim to have been cheated* * *engaño nm1) : deception, trick2) : fake, feint (in sports)* * *engaño n1. (mentira) lie2. (trampa) trick3. (timo) swindle -
18 intimidar
v.to intimidate.Su demencia asusta a María His lunacy scares Mary.* * *1 to intimidate* * *verb* * *1.VT to intimidate, scare2.See:* * *verbo transitivoa) ( atemorizar) to intimidateb) ( amenazar) to threaten* * *= browbeat, intimidate, daunt, bully, make + things scary for, sandbag.Ex. Care must be exercised in seeing that these teaching aids do not become weapons to browbeat with.Ex. Older people have suffered some losses in sensory and physical capacity, and newer teaching techniques might intimidate them.Ex. Scientists are well aware of the vast amount of primary material available and are daunted by it.Ex. The director returned to his paperwork, nothing in his heart but hot shame at having permitted himself to be bullied into submission by this disagreeable public official.Ex. The article has the title 'Things that go bump in the night: net newbies are maturing -- and making things scary for the traditionals'.Ex. Bill Clinton did not get sandbagged; he knew exactly what he was doing.----* sin dejarse intimidar por = undaunted by.* * *verbo transitivoa) ( atemorizar) to intimidateb) ( amenazar) to threaten* * *= browbeat, intimidate, daunt, bully, make + things scary for, sandbag.Ex: Care must be exercised in seeing that these teaching aids do not become weapons to browbeat with.
Ex: Older people have suffered some losses in sensory and physical capacity, and newer teaching techniques might intimidate them.Ex: Scientists are well aware of the vast amount of primary material available and are daunted by it.Ex: The director returned to his paperwork, nothing in his heart but hot shame at having permitted himself to be bullied into submission by this disagreeable public official.Ex: The article has the title 'Things that go bump in the night: net newbies are maturing -- and making things scary for the traditionals'.Ex: Bill Clinton did not get sandbagged; he knew exactly what he was doing.* sin dejarse intimidar por = undaunted by.* * *intimidar [A1 ]vtlos intimidó con una pistola he threatened them with a pistolquiso intimidarlo con sus amenazas she hoped to intimidate him with her threats* * *
intimidar ( conjugate intimidar) verbo transitivo
intimidar verbo transitivo to intimidate
' intimidar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
convencionalismo
English:
bully
- cow
- daunt
- intimidate
- brow
- over
* * *intimidar vtto intimidate;es tan serio que intimida it's frightening how serious he is;nos intimidó con un cuchillo he threatened us with a knife* * *v/t intimidate* * *intimidar vtacobardar: to intimidate* * *intimidar vb to intimidate -
19 scientist
nounWissenschaftler, der/Wissenschaftlerin, die; (in physical or natural science) Naturwissenschaftler, der/-wissenschaftlerin, diebiological/social/computer scientists — Biologen/Soziologen/Informatiker
* * ** * *sci·en·tist[ˈsaɪəntɪst]he is employed as a research \scientist at NASA er arbeitet als Forscher bei der NASA* * *['saIəntɪst]n(Natur)wissenschaftler( in) m(f)* * *1. (Natur)Wissenschaftler(in)* * *nounWissenschaftler, der/Wissenschaftlerin, die; (in physical or natural science) Naturwissenschaftler, der/-wissenschaftlerin, diebiological/social/computer scientists — Biologen/Soziologen/Informatiker
* * *n.Forscher - m.Wissenschaftler m.Wissenschaftlerin f. -
20 Science
It is a common notion, or at least it is implied in many common modes of speech, that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of sentient beings are not a subject of science.... This notion seems to involve some confusion of ideas, which it is necessary to begin by clearing up. Any facts are fitted, in themselves, to be a subject of science, which follow one another according to constant laws; although those laws may not have been discovered, nor even to be discoverable by our existing resources. (Mill, 1900, B. VI, Chap. 3, Sec. 1)One class of natural philosophers has always a tendency to combine the phenomena and to discover their analogies; another class, on the contrary, employs all its efforts in showing the disparities of things. Both tendencies are necessary for the perfection of science, the one for its progress, the other for its correctness. The philosophers of the first of these classes are guided by the sense of unity throughout nature; the philosophers of the second have their minds more directed towards the certainty of our knowledge. The one are absorbed in search of principles, and neglect often the peculiarities, and not seldom the strictness of demonstration; the other consider the science only as the investigation of facts, but in their laudable zeal they often lose sight of the harmony of the whole, which is the character of truth. Those who look for the stamp of divinity on every thing around them, consider the opposite pursuits as ignoble and even as irreligious; while those who are engaged in the search after truth, look upon the other as unphilosophical enthusiasts, and perhaps as phantastical contemners of truth.... This conflict of opinions keeps science alive, and promotes it by an oscillatory progress. (Oersted, 1920, p. 352)Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 27)A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Planck, 1949, pp. 33-34)[Original quotation: "Eine neue wissenschaftliche Wahrheit pflegt sich nicht in der Weise durchzusetzen, dass ihre Gegner ueberzeugt werden und sich as belehrt erklaeren, sondern vielmehr dadurch, dass die Gegner allmaehlich aussterben und dass die heranwachsende Generation von vornherein mit der Wahrheit vertraut gemacht ist." (Planck, 1990, p. 15)]I had always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worth while task of science. (Planck, 1949, p. 46)If you cannot-in the long run-tell everyone what you have been doing, your doing has been worthless. (SchroЁdinger, 1951, pp. 7-8)Even for the physicist the description in plain language will be a criterion of the degree of understanding that has been reached. (Heisenberg, 1958, p. 168)The old scientific ideal of episteґmeґ-of absolutely certain, demonstrable knowledge-has proved to be an idol. The demand for scientific objectivity makes it inevitable that every scientific statement must remain tentative forever. It may indeed be corroborated, but every corroboration is relative to other statements which, again, are tentative. Only in our subjective experiences of conviction, in our subjective faith, can we be "absolutely certain." (Popper, 1959, p. 280)The layman, taught to revere scientists for their absolute respect for the observed facts, and for the judiciously detached and purely provisional manner in which they hold scientific theories (always ready to abandon a theory at the sight of any contradictory evidence) might well have thought that, at Miller's announcement of this overwhelming evidence of a "positive effect" [indicating that the speed of light is not independent from the motion of the observer, as Einstein's theory of relativity demands] in his presidential address to the American Physical Society on December 29th, 1925, his audience would have instantly abandoned the theory of relativity. Or, at the very least, that scientists-wont to look down from the pinnacle of their intellectual humility upon the rest of dogmatic mankind-might suspend judgment in this matter until Miller's results could be accounted for without impairing the theory of relativity. But no: by that time they had so well closed their minds to any suggestion which threatened the new rationality achieved by Einstein's world-picture, that it was almost impossible for them to think again in different terms. Little attention was paid to the experiments, the evidence being set aside in the hope that it would one day turn out to be wrong. (Polanyi, 1958, pp. 12-13)The practice of normal science depends on the ability, acquired from examplars, to group objects and situations into similarity sets which are primitive in the sense that the grouping is done without an answer to the question, "Similar with respect to what?" (Kuhn, 1970, p. 200)Science in general... does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. (Collingwood, 1972, p. 9)Scientific fields emerge as the concerns of scientists congeal around various phenomena. Sciences are not defined, they are recognized. (Newell, 1973a, p. 1)This is often the way it is in physics-our mistake is not that we take our theories too seriously, but that we do not take them seriously enough. I do not think it is possible really to understand the successes of science without understanding how hard it is-how easy it is to be led astray, how difficult it is to know at any time what is the next thing to be done. (Weinberg, 1977, p. 49)Science is wonderful at destroying metaphysical answers, but incapable of providing substitute ones. Science takes away foundations without providing a replacement. Whether we want to be there or not, science has put us in a position of having to live without foundations. It was shocking when Nietzsche said this, but today it is commonplace; our historical position-and no end to it is in sight-is that of having to philosophize without "foundations." (Putnam, 1987, p. 29)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Science
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